Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface. Intrathecal Baclofen for Severe Spasticity: Longitudinal Data From the Product Surveillance Registry. C., Eldabe, S., Konrad, P., Molus, L., Spencer, R., Stromberg, K., … Plunkett, R. doi: 10.1007/s00387-4 This article includes the thoughts of a pediatric neurosurgeon reflecting on his personal experiences with rhizotomy to shed light on what should be changed and what should be kept the same when performing rhizotomy, primarily in children. What we have gained and what have remained controversial in the field of rhizotomy for spasticity since 2007. Comparison of Electrophysiologic and Ultrasound Guidance for Onabotulinum Toxin A Injections in Focal Upper Extremity Dystonia and Spasticity.Compare Two Guidance Techniques for Botulinum Toxin Injections for the Treatment of Limb Spasticity and Focal Dystonia.Muscle Selection for Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Poststroke Elbow Flexor Spasticity.Evaluation of a Spasticity Management Program for People With Multiple Sclerosis.Additionally, while Botox can be very helpful, there is a limited number of injections that can be administered. Botox injections can last up to 12-16 weeks, but, due to the plasticity of the nervous system, new nerve endings will form and the muscle will no longer be inhibited by the Botox. In small amounts, Botox is injected into carefully selected sites determined based on the pattern of spasticity. Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Injections: Botox injections can be used to paralyze the spastic muscle preventing it from contracting.Oral medications are only used if symptoms interfere with daily functioning or sleep. Oral Medications: oral medications are used in combination with other therapies or medications, such as physical or occupational therapy.
Casting or bracing: prevents involuntary spasms and reduces tightening of the muscles.Speech therapy can also be done by patients whose spasticity has affected their speech. Occupational therapy: exercises that focus on small muscle groups to improve strength and coordination allowing for improved performance of daily tasks.Physical therapy: stretching and strengthening exercises focusing on large muscle groups to improve range of motion and mobility.
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